Non-Invasive Spinal Cord Stimulation After Injury

About this trial

This study is enrolling individuals with chronic spinal cord injuries to test the effect on breathing function of non-invasive (skin-surface, or transcutaneous) electrical spinal cord stimulation (TcESCS) combined with muscle training. TcESCS is a technique for activating spinal cord nerve networks, using up to five surface electrodes on the skin at the neck (cervical) and lower back (lumbar) levels. TcESCS will be combined with either breathing exercises, arm exercises or trunk training. Investigators will be looking for changes in the function of the lungs and trunk muscles before, during, and after the interventions. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four study groups: TcESCS alone, TcESCS + respiratory training, TcESCS + arm training, and TcESCS + trunk training).